Visitors to your website deserve to see your site at its
best, whether they are using a large monitor or a small mobile phone.
Responsive web design entails creating a web page that automatically adjusts to
the screen size of the viewer.
What Exactly Is Responsive Web Design?
Responsive web design (RWD) is a web design technique that
automatically adjusts content (such as typography, images, screen resolution,
and column layout) to fit different screen sizes of different devices without
sacrificing resolution.
Responsive web design, first described in Ethan Marcotte's
2010 article "A List Apart," uses Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and
HTML to adjust settings like viewport and media queries so that a website looks
good no matter what device you use.
Why Is Responsive Web Design Important?
The sheer number of new devices available in today's world
places enormous pressure on web developers to optimize website usability across
various technologies via responsive layouts. Building responsive websites
allows you to:
Avoid redirecting browser windows: RWD uses flexible
specifications on both desktop and mobile sites, eliminating the need to
redirect users to a different desktop or mobile version of a web page.
Make a single website for all devices: It takes a long time
to create different website designs for mobile users' smaller screens, desktop
computer users' larger screens, and tablet users' mid-size screens. RWD
optimizes page load time and functionality on large and small screens alike.
Create the best website experience possible for each device
and platform: RWD layouts are universal and flexible across multiple brands,
including Apple iPhones and Androids, as well as browsers such as Chrome and
Firefox.
What Is the Difference Between Responsive and Adaptive Design?
Responsive design entails developers creating a single fluid
website design with breakpoints (software pauses) that adjust to the screen
size of the user's viewport while maintaining usability across different
devices via various column layouts and responsive images.
Adaptive design means that developers create separate
website designs for each device's viewport width, and when the website loads,
the screen generates the template created for that specific phone, tablet, or
computer. The width properties typically cover six common screen widths ranging
from 320px to 1600px.
8 Key Features of Responsive Websites
Responsive websites typically include one or more of the
following characteristics:
1. CSS and HTML: All responsive website designs make use of
cascading style sheets (CSS) and HTML, which are computer languages used to
create all of the elements of a webpage. To manipulate or control the design,
use a stylesheet file or CSS3 code (the type of CSS code used for formatting
web pages) in the style section of an HTML document. Use the min-width and
max-width properties, for example, to keep the minimum and maximum screen widths
of content on a style sheet.
2. Flexbox layout: Developers use a CSS module called a
flexbox to create ultra-dynamic designs that go beyond what HTML can do.
3. Fluid grid layouts: Fluid grid layouts allow for variable
values, such as the percentage of viewport width, to account for different
screen sizes.
4. Grid layout: Using CSS, you can create flexible grids
that control dimensions by using portions of available space rather than
percentages.
5. JavaScript: On older devices or browsers that do not
support CSS3 media queries, you can use JavaScript (another scripting computer
language).
6. Media queries: A media query is a CSS3 function that
allows you to manipulate web content so that it adjusts to different screen
sizes and browser window widths.
7. Responsive images: Responsive images, also known as
flexible images, control image proportions using a dynamic value within HTML
(attributed to img tags), preventing them from displaying outside the constraints
of your device's screen.
8. Viewport meta tag: At the top of each document, viewport
meta tags control how the page displays. The viewport setting
width=device-width instructs the browser to convert the width of the screen to
pixels, resulting in the same resolution regardless of screen size.